A person will urinate as they normally would to provide the sample. The acidity or alkalinity of urine can help a doctor diagnose medical conditions. Doctors can test urine pH using a litmus paper test. A doctor can perform a urine pH test as part of a larger urinalysis test, or a they can specifically test urine pH. Urine is normally warm because it comes from inside the body, which has a core temperature of Hot urine occurs when urine is hotter than….
A person will usually urinate more frequently at certain times of day and when they are well hydrated. However, some medical conditions cause a person…. Learn about the possible causes of frequent urination, its symptoms and diagnosis, and how to manage the condition. Leukocytes are white blood cells that help protect people from infection.
They are not usually present in the urine, so when they are present, it can…. Urosepsis is a term used to describe a type of sepsis that is limited to the urinary tract.
It is a complication often caused by urinary tract…. What is the normal pH range for urine? Medically reviewed by Shilpa Amin, M. What is the normal pH of urine?
Saliva normally has a pH range of 6. The kidneys help keep the blood pH from going too low or too high by filtering acids or alkaline compounds bicarbonate from the blood and releasing them in the urine. The normal range of urine pH is between 4. Diet, certain drugs, infections, and poor kidney function can all affect the pH of urine. For example, diets high in protein from meat, fish, dairy, and grains can decrease urine pH more acidic , whereas diets high in fruits and vegetables can increase urine pH more alkaline [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].
Urine pH is tested as part of a routine urinalysis. It is often used to assess the risk of kidney stones, help diagnose urinary tract infections UTIs , or determine the effectiveness of some antibiotics and other drugs that can be affected by urine pH [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Urine pH can be measured using a dipstick, which is a test strip that is placed in a urine sample and reveals the pH depending on how the color of the strip changes. The advantages of dipstick measurements include convenience, cost, and the ability to test pH at home.
The gold standard of measuring urine pH is a pH meter that uses an electrode. It is much more accurate, however, it is also more expensive [ 12 ]. For a routine urinalysis, a urine sample is provided after an overnight fast. This is referred to as a fasting urine sample. A morning sample is usually more alkaline [ 14 ]. Urine pH is known to change throughout the day, peaking in the middle of the day, and decreasing after each meal. To get an accurate measurement of the average urine pH throughout the day, hour urine tests are used [ 15 ].
Fasting and single-spot samples are not accurate enough to assess and treat people with kidney stones [ 16 , 14 ]. A reference range includes the upper and lower limits of a lab test based on a group of otherwise healthy people. Your healthcare provider will compare your lab test results with reference values to see if any of your results fall outside the range of expected values. By doing so, you and your healthcare provider can gain clues to help identify possible conditions or diseases.
The normal range for urine pH is between 4. Urine pH is slightly more alkaline in the morning than at night. Women also tend to have slightly higher urine pH levels than men [ 14 , 17 , 18 ].
Improper storage conditions high temperatures before analysis can result in urine pH levels above 9, so if you see levels that are abnormally high you may want to retest to be sure [ 19 ].
Causes shown below are commonly associated with this low urine pH. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis. Food is one of the most important factors in determining the pH of urine. Meat, fish, dairy, and grains all increase the number of acids that the kidney has to filter into the urine. Most vegetables and fruits especially citrus generate alkaline compounds, reducing the number of acids the kidneys must filter [ 20 ].
A study in over 22k people has shown that high fruit and vegetable intake and lower consumption of meat were linked to a more alkaline urine [ 8 ]. Protein increases the amount of acid produced in the body.
Kidneys have to filter these acids into the urine, decreasing its pH. Three studies with a total of 89 people revealed that high protein diets make the urine more acidic [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Two studies with 18 and 26 people, respectively, reported that people who ate a diet high in meat and protein over three days saw their urine pH drop, while those who ate a diet high in vegetables and fruits and low in meats saw their urine pH increase [ 24 , 25 ].
Diarrhea causes a loss of electrolytes, thereby reducing blood pH i. The kidneys then compensate for this by releasing more acids in the urine [ 26 ].
A study in 24 people reported that diarrhea reduced urine pH from 6. High blood sugar causes insulin resistance. This causes the kidneys to produce less ammonia, a compound that increases the pH of the urine [ 27 ]. In a study of 5k people, higher blood sugar levels were associated with lower urine pH. Similarly, another study of 1k people found that those with urine pH below 5. A fresh urine sample is preferred. Indications pH tells the systemic acid-base disorder: Is it metabolic?
Or Respiratory. Renal tubular acidosis. Pathophysiology The lungs and the kidneys are the major regulators of the acid-base content in the body. A healthy individual will produce morning urine as acidic with a pH of 5. Alkaline urine may be found after the meals alkaline tide.
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