Izalco volcano facts for kids Kids Encyclopedia Facts. Quick facts for kids. All content from Kiddle encyclopedia articles including the article images and facts can be freely used under Attribution-ShareAlike license, unless stated otherwise.
Cite this article:. This page was last modified on 16 July , at Suggest an edit. An increase had also been observed in November following Hurricane Mitch. Latest satellite images. Show more. First visit to our site? Try our free app! Android iOS version. Lava lakes. Batu Tara photos A remote island in the Flores Sea of Indonesia formed by a single volcano that has been in strong strombolian eruption for years.
We regularly lead expeditions to there where we camp several days to observe it. It began erupting in CE and frequent Strombolian eruptions produced a steep-sided, m-high stratovolcano over a year period. Izalco was one of the most frequently active volcanoes in Central America, producing ejecta and lava flows from both summit and flank vents. Copyrighted photo by Stephen O'Meara. This aerial view shows Izalco with south at the top of the photo.
The cone was constructed during frequent eruptions over a two-century period beginning in Strombolian eruptions from the summit crater were sometimes accompanied by lava flows that traveled down the flank to the south, extending as far as 7 km from the summit.
The cone in the center is Cerro Verde, and the smaller, low-profile scoria cone below it is Cerro Marcelino. Historical eruptions have occurred from the summit crater of Santa Ana and flank cones such as Cerro Marcelino to the SE.
Izalco formed in , and the saddle between Izalco and Cerro Verde increased m in height in the century after Photo by Lee Siebert, Smithsonian Institution. It rises more than 1 km above its southern base left and m above the saddle between it and Cerro Verde, a flank cone on Santa Ana right.
Since Izalco began erupting in , the summit grew about m above its original vent on the flank of Santa Ana volcano.
Photo by Paul Kimberly, Smithsonian Institution. Izalco volcano was once known as the "Lighthouse of the Pacific" for its persistent incandescent nighttime eruptions. It was constructed on the southern flank of Santa Ana, whose broad summit is to the left. Lava flows at the base if Izalco from both summit and flank vents and extend out to 7 km.
A lava flow field on the SW flank of Izalco is seen here from its summit. Levees define distinct flows of the lava field, which extends up to about 7 km from the summit. Most of the flows seen here were emplaced prior to Gas rises from fumaroles near the summit. The lava flows with levees in the center of the photo were extruded from a vent on the NE flank of Izalco beginning in This lava extrusion took place during an almost continuous period of Strombolian activity from November until the end of Periods of lava effusion took place July , September-November , October , intermittently in , November , and January The eruption tapered off in late and was over by the end of the year.
Izalco has been one of El Salvador's most active volcanoes during historical time. More than 50 eruptions took place since it began to erupt in , many lasting several years to about a decade in duration. Eruptions took place both from the summit craters and from flank vents. Santa Ana rises beyond the Izalco summit crater, which began erupting in on the northern Santa Ana flank.
Fumarolic activity continues at Izalco, producing the faint steam plume in the right foreground, but has diminished considerably since the year-long eruptive period ended in A complex of four nested craters gives the summit of Santa Ana a flat profile.
The flank of Cerro Verde is seen to the right. It originated in CE on the southern flank of Santa Ana volcano, whose summit lies to the north top. Steep-sided, m-high Izalco stratovolcano is truncated by a m-wide crater.
The flanks of Izalco consist primarily of pyroclastic material erupted from the summit crater; lava flows mostly originated from vents on the lower flanks and were deflected southward by the slopes of Santa Ana volcano. The flanks of Izalco volcano contrast with the vegetated Cerro Verde in the foreground. Izalco rises about m above the saddle separating it from Cerro Verde. This view shows the Pacific Ocean 40 km to the south with much of the area between underlain by deposits associated with a late-Pleistocene Santa Ana debris avalanche.
The summit of Santa Ana volcano is to the left, the unvegetated Izalco volcano is to the right, and between them is Cerro Verde. A lava flow field is at the base of Izalco composed of flows that mostly erupted from flank vents. They were deflected by the flank of Santa Ana and extend as far as about 7 km from the Izalco summit. The vegetated Cerro Verde scoria cone is to the right and is part of a trend of cones and vents that erupted SE of Santa Ana.
Izalco grew to its present height during a year period since it began erupting in at an elevation of about 1, m on the flank of Santa Ana. Intermittent Strombolian eruptions and the effusion of dominantly basaltic-andesite lava flows built up the volcano so that by the year the summit was at 1, m elevation, by it was at 1, m, by it was at 1, m, by it was at 1, m, by it was at 1,, and by it was at 1, m. Izalco towers above the western flanks of Santa Ana, which are covered in coffee crops.
Izalco erupted in a cornfield on the southern flanks of Santa Ana in and grew m above the vent over the following two centuries. Despite its proximity to Santa Ana, Izalco lavas are distinctly higher in aluminum, calcium, and strontium. Recent eruptions of Izalco are more similar to Santa Ana than earlier ones. Izalco volcano rises beyond the Cerro Verde flank to the left, as seen from the trail to the summit of Santa Ana.
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