A cup of chopped broccoli has about six carbs. A ketogenic diet has numerous risks. Top of the list: it's high in saturated fat. And indeed, the keto diet is associated with an increase in "bad" LDL cholesterol, which is also linked to heart disease. Nutrient deficiency. Liver problems. With so much fat to metabolize, the diet could make any existing liver conditions worse. Kidney problems. The kidneys help metabolize protein, and McManus says the keto diet may overload them.
The current recommended intake for protein averages 46 grams per day for women, and 56 grams for men. Fuzzy thinking and mood swings. Low-carb diets may cause confusion and irritability," McManus says.
Those risks add up — so make sure that you talk to a doctor and a registered dietitian before ever attempting a ketogenic diet. The popular low-carb diets such as Atkins or Paleo modify a true keto diet. But they come with the same risks if you overdo it on fats and proteins and lay off the carbs. So why do people follow the diets? Theories about short-term low-carb diet success include lower appetite because fat burns slower than carbs. As such, the ketogenic diet requires further research regarding its long-term renal safety in those with and without CKD.
Low-carbohydrate diets followed prior to conception or during the periconceptual period are associated with an increased risk of birth defects and gestational diabetes, respectively. Use of folate supplements may not mitigate the risk seen with low-carbohydrate diets. In the above study, there was no effect measure modification by folic acid supplement use A study conducted using data that predated the era of folate-fortified grain products also found an increase in neural tube defects in the offspring of women consuming low-carbohydrate diets in the periconceptual period OR 2.
A prospective cohort study evaluating gestational diabetes risk scored women's diets for adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet pattern and dietary fat source. A vegetable-based low-carbohydrate dietary pattern was not associated with increased risk The most restrictive ketogenic diets used for epilepsy can cause fatigue, headache, nausea, constipation, hypoglycemia, and acidosis, especially within the first few days to weeks of following the diet 2.
Dehydration, hepatitis, pancreatitis, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyponatremia can also occur 82 , In endurance athletes, 3.
Longer-term effects can include decreased bone mineral density, nephrolithiasis, cardiomyopathy, anemia, and neuropathy of the optic nerve 82 , Ketogenic diets have low long-term tolerability, and are not sustainable for many individuals 48 , Diets low in carbohydrate have also been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality , although recent data suggest that lower-carbohydrate diets can be linked to either higher or lower mortality risk, depending on the quality of the carbohydrate they contain and whether they rely more on animal protein and saturated fat or plant protein and unsaturated fat, respectively Ketogenic diets reduce seizure frequency in some individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy.
These diets can also reduce body weight, although not more effectively than other dietary approaches over the long term or when matched for energy intake. Ketogenic diets can also lower blood glucose, although their efficacy typically wanes within the first few months.
Very-low-carbohydrate diets are associated with marked risks. LDL-C can rise, sometimes dramatically. Pregnant women on such diets are more likely to have a child with a neural tube defect, even when supplementing folic acid. And these diets may increase chronic disease risk: Foods and dietary components that typically increase on ketogenic diets eg, red meat, processed meat, saturated fat are linked to an increased risk of CKD, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, whereas intake of protective foods eg, vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains typically decreases.
Current evidence suggests that for most individuals, the risks of such diets outweigh the benefits. LC and NDB contributed to the organization of the manuscript, reviewed, and approved the submitted version. LC composed the outline and drafted the manuscript. All authors had full access to data and revised and approved the manuscript for publication.
LC is an employee of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine in Washington, DC, a non-profit organization providing educational, research, and medical services related to nutrition.
He serves without compensation as president of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and Barnard Medical Center in Washington, DC, non-profit organizations providing educational, research, and medical services related to nutrition. He writes books and articles and gives lectures related to nutrition and health and has received royalties and honoraria from these sources.
The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Newman JC, Verdin E. Annu Rev Nutr. Roehl K, Sewak SL. Practice paper of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: classic and modified ketogenic diets for treatment of epilepsy.
J Acad Nutr Diet. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. Br J Nutr. Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate including ketogenic diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: a scientific statement from the National Lipid Association Nutrition and Lifestyle Task Force.
J Clin Lipidol. Institute of Medicine. Google Scholar. Liu RH. Health-promoting components of fruits and vegetables in the diet. Adv Nutr. Slavin JL, Lloyd B. Health benefits of fruits and vegetables. Resistant starch content in foods commonly consumed in the United States: a narrative review. Popular diets: a scientific review. Obes Res. Low-carbohydrate diets: what are the potential short- and long-term health implications? Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.
PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. An overview of the ketogenic diet for pediatric epilepsy. Nutr Clin Pract. Holscher HD. Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota.
Gut Microbes. Ketogenic diet and microbiota: friends or enemies? Diet-microbiota interactions and their implications for healthy living. Detrimental impact of microbiota-accessible carbohydrate-deprived diet on gut and immune homeostasis: an overview.
Front Immunol. The ketogenic diet influences taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiota in children with severe epilepsy. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.
Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Ketogenic diet and epilepsy: what we know so far. Front Neurosci. Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients. Exp Clin Cardiol. The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med. Long term effects of ketogenic diet in obese subjects with high cholesterol level.
Mol Cell Biochem. The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake. Nat Med. Energy expenditure and body composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight and obese men.
Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. Efficacy of low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Can a ketogenic diet be safely used to improve glycaemic control in a child with type 1 diabetes? Arch Dis Child.
The glycaemic benefits of a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus may be opposed by increased hypoglycaemia risk and dyslipidaemia. Diabet Med. Hyperketonemia and ketosis increase the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med. Yancy WS, Jr. A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes. Beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in obese diabetic subjects. Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes.
This episode, general gastroenterologist Dr. Vijaya Rao explains the source of some questions people have in the bathroom. We offer online appointment scheduling for video and in-person appointments for adult and pediatric primary care and many specialties. Skip to content Appointments Close Appointments Schedule your appointment online for primary care and many specialties.
Schedule an Appointment Online To request an appointment, please use our secure online form. Request an Appointment Get an online second opinion from one of our experts without having to leave your home. Care Connection Ingalls For help with Ingalls Care Connection, call us at or email portalsupport ingalls.
Share with facebook Share with twitter Share with linkedin. Forefront Health and Wellness. Ketogenic diet: What are the risks? Call Us At What is the keto diet? What is ketosis? Is the keto diet healthy? Condon said you should always consult your primary care doctor before starting any new diet.
Mental Health. Patient advocacy. Women's Health. Reproductive Health. Why we're here. Who we are. Editorial guidelines. Keto diet 'a recipe for bad health,' study warns. Dave Yasvinski, Aug 4 Researchers say there are long-term risks to the keto diet, based largely on fats and protein.
Widely advertised as a safe way to shed pounds, going keto actually presents serious health risks to pregnant women, people with kidney disease and almost everyone else, according to a sweeping review of research into the trendy menu modifier. Resource Centre. Sponsored By. Are you iron deficient?
0コメント